The present article attempts to delineate about tribes and primitive tribes of India. It emphasizes to describe the present situation of Saharia primitive tribal groups in Madhya Pradesh in the context of their settlement pattern, economic activities, socio-cultural status and educational situation. In the article, efforts are also made to explain different reasons of their awful low literacy rate. Insufficient income and low socio-cultural activities, health problems, negative approach of parents, language problem, unsatisfactory teaching-learning methods, absence of learning materials specially in schools, lack of other necessary facilities, etc are considered as the reasons for terrible low literacy rate of Saharia. As etiological measures, some government schemes which were launched in the tribal regions for improving literacy rate are also highlighted at the end of this article.